EXPLANATION TEXT
1. Definition Of Explanation Text
In this section we will discuss about the meaning of Explanation Text. What is Explanation Text? Explanation Text is a text used to explain the way (process) of something happening, especially with regard to natural phenomena, the scientific world or the socio-cultural world. Its purpose is to tell the reader or listener how something happened. An Explanation text usually comes from the author's questions regarding the 'why' and 'how' of an existing phenomenon.
2. Purpose of Explanation Text
The purpose of Explanation Text is to explain the processes that occur in the formation of something or activities related to natural, social, scientific, cultural, and other phenomena that aim to explain why and how this can happen.
3. Language Feature Explanation Text
1. Using sentences in the form of the current tense (Present Indefinite or Simple Present Tense).
2. Passive voice / passive voice to direct the reader to the process or event rather than the subject.
3. Elements of abstract nouns, namely nouns that cannot be seen in real terms, such as love, joy, emotions, etc.
4. Use action verbs to describe ongoing processes such as kick, eat, think, run, etc.
5. There are noun phrases, such as white snow, water cycle, big house, etc.
6. Use technical terms, namely terms that refer to the topic being discussed.
7. Contains a description of a process, but not procedure text.
3. Characteristics of Explanation Text
* Derived from the author's questions regarding the 'why' and 'how' of an existing phenomenon
* is lifted from the phenomenon, so the focus of the material is not on the object or person, but on events or events that occur to the person or object.
* Using the Simple Present Tense
* Using action verbs
* Using passive voice
* Using noun phrases
* Using adverbial phrases
* Using technical terms
* Using general and abstract nouns
* Using the conjunction of time and cause-effect.
4. Generic Structure Explanation Text
* A general statement
That is the introduction of an event that we will tell. Or a general description of the event. In the general statement contains a general explanation of the phenomenon to be discussed, it can be an introduction to the phenomenon or an explanation.
* A sequenced of explanation
That is an explanation of why and how the event occurred. In this section the author can write more than one paragraph. A sequenced of explanation contains an explanation of the process why the phenomenon can occur or be created. A sequenced of explanations in the form of answers to the author's 'why' and 'how' questions when making an Explanation text. In sequenced of explanations it can consist of more than one paragraph.
* Closing
That is the closing or conclusion of the story. Actually closing is not listed in the generic structure of Explanation text, but most people think that the last paragraph of an Explanation text is closing, even though it is part of the sequenced of explanation which contains the final steps described in the sequenced of explanation section.
Types of Explanation Text
The following are types of explanation text:
- Sequential Explanation
Sequential explanation is a type of explanation that describes the details of the stages of a phenomenon. For example, the sequence of the life cycle in the form of a food chain.
- Factorial Explanation
Factorial explanation is a type of explanation that describes the effect and outcome of a process. For example, regarding the effects of colonialism.
- Theoretical Explanations
Theoretical Explanation is a type of explanation that contains the possibility of speculation that might occur behind natural phenomena. For example, the eruption of Mount Merapi could trigger another devastating natural disaster.
- Causal Explanation
Causal Explanation is the nature of explanation that progressively explains the origin or cause of changes in a problem. For example, the landslide process.
Example of Explanation Text
Example of Explanation Text about Natural Phenomenon
How does Rain Happen?
Rain is the primary source of fresh water for most areas of the world, providing suitable conditions for diverse ecosystems, as well as water for hydroelectric power plants and crop irrigation.
The phenomenon of rain is actually a water circle. The concept of the water cycle involves the sun heating the Earth’s surface water and causing the surface water to evaporate. The water vapor rises into the Earth’s atmosphere. The water in the atmosphere cools and condenses into liquid droplets. The droplets grow until they are heavy and fall to the earth as precipitation which can be in the form of rain or snow.
However, not all rain reaches the surface. Some evaporates while falling through dry air. This is called virga, a phenomenon which is often seen in hot, dry desert regions
Changes of pronouns from active voice to passive voice
- Identify the subject, the verb and the object : SVO
- Change the object into subject.
- Put the suitable helping verb or auxiliary verb. In case the helping verb is given, use the same verb but note that the helping verb is given, use the same verb but note that helping verb given agrees with the object.
- Change the verb into the past participle form
- Add the preposition “By”
- Change the subject into object.
Example
Active Voice
| Passive Voice |
The teacher is going to explain the lesson.
| The lesson is going to be explained by the teacher |
She closed the door
| The door was closed by her |
Forming Passive Voice
An annotated explanation text
This is an explanation of Explanation Text: Definition, Purpose, Characteristics and Generic Structure in English along with examples
“if we realize our position and know what we want to be achieved we exactly know what we have to do and how to get it”
-Abraham Lincoln, 1865-
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